Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2014 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 6 Articles
Aim: This study aimed to screen the aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Achillea\r\nfalcata L. (Asteraceae) grown in Jordan for their antioxidant, antibacterial, antiplatelet and\r\nanti-proliferative efficacy.\r\nStudy Design: HPLC-MS evaluation of the aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts and in\r\nvitro investigations.\r\nPlace and Duration of Study: Faculties of Pharmacy and Science, The University of\r\nJordan and Centre of Misanalysis, National Institute for Biological Sciences, between\r\nAugust 2012 and June 2013.\r\nMethodology: Total phenols and flavonoids were determined colorimetrically. The radicalscavenging activities were evaluated using 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-\r\nsulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity assay. Antimicrobial activities were\r\ndetermined by the disc-diffusion method, and the minimum inhibition concentration and\r\nthe minimum bactericidal concentration tests. In vitro antiplatelet activity was tested on\r\nhuman whole blood using an electrical impedance method. Anti-proliferative activity was\r\ninvestigated using the MTT assay. High performance liquid chromatography-mass\r\nspectrometry (HPLC-MS) evaluation was performed.\r\nResults: Hydro-alcoholic extract had a bactericidal activity against Streptococcus\r\npneumoniae, Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella pneumoniae rather than inhibitory effect. No\r\nsignificant activity was observed against gram negative bacteria and Candida albicans. In\r\nvitro antiplatelet activity was tested on human whole blood using an electrical impedance\r\nmethod. At concentrations (50, 100, and 200 �µg/ml), hydro-alcoholic extract did not show\r\neffect on platelet aggregation. Extracts did not possess cytotoxic activity against the MCF-\r\n7 cells at concentrations up to 200 �µg/ml. HPLC-MS analysis resulted in the identification\r\nof 8 phenolic compounds in the hydro-alcoholic extract and 6 compounds in the aqueous\r\nextract; quercetin 3-�Ÿ-D-glucoside was the main component for both extracts.\r\nConclusion: The present investigation supported the traditional use A. falcata in the\r\nJordanian folk medicine as a depurative agent and as an antimicrobial active\r\nrepresentative of the genus Achillea....
Adaptogenic activity of Solanum xanthocarpum with comparative study of marketed formulation. The plant was investigated for its Adaptogenic activity by using three pharmacological models i.e. forced swimming stress test, milk induced leucocytosis and pollution induced immunosuppression. The control group rats swam for 69.5 min (mean) where us the standard and drug treated group of rats swam for 128.5 min and 111.5 minutes respectively. The drug treated rats showed significant increase in swimming time and registered an increase in swimming time of more than 42 min (total) over the control group. Similarly ethanolic extract of plant was subjected for another test i.e. milk induce leucocytosis by giving Subcutaneously Injection of milk in doses of 4 ml/kg body weight produced a marked and significant increase in the leucocytes count after 24 hour of its administration. After given the ethonolic extract of Solanum xanthocarpum it was seen that the average leukocytes count was markedly controlled from 14770 to 10310, where as the average leucocytes count for standard group was 11420. In pollution induced immunosuppression the extract has given far better results against the oxidative-stress induced by the automobile pollution and the total leucocytes count are near to the normal values observed on day 1st, the extract has shown better activity as compared to standard vitamin E formulation. The results clearly indicate that the swimming time increase in treated group when compare with control and leucocytosis induced by milk injection was significantly inhibited by prior treatment of rats with ethanolic extract of Solanum Xanthocarpum. Similarly, in pollution induced immunosuppression the extract has given far better results against the oxidative-stress induced by the automobile pollution....
Traditional Greco-Arab and Islamic medicine continues to be practiced within the Mediterranean as well as most Islamic countries. This medicine was developed during the Golden Age of Arab-Islamic civilization, which spanned from the seventh to fifteenth century and extended from Spain to Central Asia and India. During the Islamic Golden Age, there was a huge enlightenment in the Arab-Islamic world at a time when Europe was in the grip of the Dark Ages, stifled by Church authority. Greco-Arab and Islamic medicine has influenced the fates and fortunes of countless human beings. It also influenced Europe where it formed the roots from which modern Western medicine arose. There is no doubt that the earlier Greco-Roman scholarly medical literature was the stem from which much Arab-Islamic medicine grew, just as, several centuries later, Arab-Islamic medicine was to be the core of late middle ages and early European medical education. As will be seen in this review, however, Arab-Islamic medicine was not simply a continuation for Greek ideas but it was a venue for innovation and change. Medical innovations introduced by Arab and Muslim physicians included: The discovering of the immune system, the introduction of microbiological science, and the separation of pharmacological science from medicine. The high degree of development achieved in Greco-Arab and Islamic medicine is observable in a statement of Rhazes who said: \"when the disease is stronger than the natural resistance of the patient, medicine is of no use. When the patient�s resistance is stronger than the disease, the physician is of no use. When the disease and the patient�s resistance are equally balanced, the physician is needed to help tilt the balance in the patients favour�. This article provides a comprehensive overview on traditional Greco-Arab-Islamic herbal medicine including the historical background, medical innovations introduced by Arab physicians, methods of therapies, and a state of the art description of traditional Arab herbal medicine....
Hibiscus mutabilis L. is ornamental plant bears beautiful flowers used in different diseased as an ayurvedic medicine.\r\nPresent work is carried out to study standardize the plant according to scientific methods by its pharmacognostic and\r\nphysicochemical standardization. Stem and leaves were studied for its pharmacognostic point of view and observed different\r\nnotable characters. Physicochemical study was also carried out to standardize plant. The plant also showed presence of steroids,\r\nterpenoids and phenolic content. This study is helping for standardization of ayurvedic drugs....
Aims: This study was undertaken to analyze total phenolics and total flavonoids contents;\r\nand total antioxidant capacity of pomegranate peel extract and to identify the major\r\nfunctional components in the extract.\r\nStudy Design: The extract was subjected to ESI-MS/MS.\r\nPlace and Duration of Study: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Sultan Qaboos\r\nUniversity and DARIS Research Center, University of Nizwa, between December 2011\r\nand August 2012.\r\nMethodology: Pomegranate peel extract was analyzed using a Waters Quattro Premier\r\nXE tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (Waters Corporation, Manchester, UK)equipped with electro-spray ionization (ESI) source. Instrument control and data\r\nacquisition were performed using Mass Lynx ver. 4.1 software. The instrument was\r\ncalibrated for nominal resolution for MS1 and MS2 up to 1200 m/z using the sodium\r\ncaesium iodide standard calibration solution.\r\nResults: Results revealed high contents of total phenolics (64.2 mg Gallic acid\r\nequivalent/ g dry solids) and total flavonoids (1.4 mg Catechin equivalent/ g dry solids)\r\nrespectively. Total antioxidant capacity ranged from 42.3 ââ?¬â?? 461.2 Ã?µmolTrolox equivalent/ g\r\ndry solids. The analysis revealed the presence of 61 different polyphenols in the extract\r\namong which 12 hydroxycinnamic acids, 14 hydrolysable tannins, 9 hydroxybenzoic\r\nacids, 5 hydroxybutanedioic acids, 11 hydroxy-cyclohexanecarboxylic acids and 8\r\nhydroxyphenyls. Major compounds were tannins and flavonoids such as; illogic acid,\r\ngallic acids, punicalin, and punicalagin.\r\nConclusion: A wide variety of phytochemicals present in pomegranate peel extract were\r\nidentified. These functional compounds in pomegranate peels could be utilized by the\r\nfood industry and pharma/nutraceuticalââ?¬â?¢s industry. Further work should be done to isolate\r\nand quantify major functional compounds of pomegranate peels such as ellagic acid....
Aims: With pickled perilla leaves as raw materials, this paper proposed the optimal\r\nethanol extraction conditions and made a profound analysis for extract in the\r\ncompositions of major active ingredients, nutrients, mineral elements and amino acid to\r\ncharacterize the nutritional and biological properties of pickled perilla leaves, which could\r\naid its finely processing and future application in the development of functional food.\r\nMethods: The optimum ethanol extraction process for preparing freeze-dried powder\r\nfrom pickled perilla was studied by means of orthogonal experiments, with the\r\nconcentration of ethanol, extracting temperature and extracting time as factors.\r\nMeanwhile, the contents of the activity components, such as polysaccharide, flavones and\r\nrosmarinic acid, as well as the mineral elements and nutritional contents in the freezedried\r\npowder were determined according to the methods reported by relevant literatures\r\nwithout or with a few modifications.\r\nResults: The optimal extracting conditions as follows: 50�ºC of temperature, 60 min ofthe extraction rate of the freeze-dried powder was 1.71%. Moreover, perilla leaf extract\r\ncontained rich biological and nutritional ingredients, including 33.39% of flavonoids,\r\n9.24% of polysaccharides, 22.79% of rosmarinic acid, 5.47% of protein, 7.61% of fat,\r\n2354 mg/kg of Ca, 111.4 mg/kg of Fe, 5.045 mg/kg of Zn, 1817 mg/kg of K , 12.66 mg/kg\r\nof Mn and nine of essential amino acids. In addition, perilla leaf extract exhibited obvious\r\nscavenging effects on the DPPHâ�¢, â�¢OH and O2\r\n?â�¢.\r\nConclusion: In summary, pickled perilla leaf ethanol extract was rich in biological\r\ningredients as well as a variety of nutrients, and showed antioxidant activities in vitro, thus\r\nit is valuable and promising in the development of functional foods in the future....
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